Design and Installation of Medium Voltage Switchgear (Facts You MUST Know)
When specifying and planning medium voltage switchgear for a substation, functions and influencing factors must be matched and an economically efficient solution must be found among the offerings of manufacturers. For this there is no simple recipe with an unambiguous… Read more
Mar 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Hardware and software components of energy management systems (EMS) and SCADA
The complete Energy Management System (EMS) system along with SCADA and the front-end systems have been identified as one of the more complex systems deployed. The only system that could be considered to be more complex than the EMS is…...
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Mar 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Good Practice Rules For In-Process Inspection Of Low Voltage Switchboard
The purpose of in-process inspection is to ensure product conformity after each manufacturing operation. This process concerns all the manufacturing operations done by the workshop operators. Inspection during the manufacturing stage could be described by the following process: Inspection during… Read more
Mar 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Why Ground Fault Protection Matters and Which Scheme For Sensing Ground Faults To Choose
A ground fault normally occurs in one of two ways: by accidental contact of an energized conductor with normally grounded metal, or as a result of an insulation failure of an energized conductor. When an insulation failure occurs, the energized… Read more
Mar 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Understanding Substation Single Line Diagrams and IEC 61850 Process Bus (Depicting Relay Circuits)
The single line diagram (SLD) is the most basic of the set of diagrams that are used to document the electrical functionality of the substation. Its emphasis is on communicating the functions of the power equipment and the associated protection… Read more
Mar 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Reading and Understanding AC and DC Schematics In Protection And Control Relaying
This technical article explains the AC/DC schematic representation of the protection and control systems used on power networks. This includes AC schematics and DC schematics and diagrams that prominently feature relaying. There are other equally important types of drawings that… Read more
Mar 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Why does generator-current breaking differ from other switching devices in T&D systems
There are few switching situations that differ from the duties standardized for switching devices in transmission and distribution systems. One of these special situations are generator-current breaking. Generator circuit-breakers are breakers applied at a rated voltage matching the rated voltage…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Mar 09, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Have you experienced an incorrectly specified CT that can’t be manufactured?
When a CT manufacturer says that he is unable to manufacture the requested CT, nine times out of ten this is because the CT has been incorrectly specified. To eliminate all the cumulated safety margins taken by all the people involved,… Read more
Mar 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Achieving Relay Coordination and Selective Short Circuit Protection In Transmission Networks
The selected protection principle affects the operating speed of the protection, which has a significant impact on the harm caused by short circuits. The faster the protection operates, the smaller the resulting hazards, damage and the thermal stress will be…. Read more
Mar 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Step-by-step tutorial for building capacitor bank and reactive power compensation panel
Design of reactive power compensation panel is much different and not that simple like standard distribution panel. When dealing with such panels, there are dozen of parameters to specify and other things to take care of. This article is the… Read more
Feb 28, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Measurements and Calculations Of Earth Electrode Systems (BS 7430)
System earthing involves the provision of a connection to the general mass of earth. This connection should have a resistance not greater than that required to operate safety mechanisms to isolate the electricity supply from a fault situation. Second important… Read more
Feb 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Meet the Real Heart of Power System Operations – The Transmission Control Center
The transmission control centre is the real heart of every utility’s power system operations. Typical transmission control centres have three main desks – the generation, transmission and scheduling desk. Let’s take look at three main transmission and other support desks…...
Membership Upgrade Required
This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Feb 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Losses in the power transmission system and short, medium and long line model analysis
Like all other power system systems, no matter how carefully the system is designed, losses are present and must be modeled before an accurate representation of the system response can be calculated. Due to the size of the area that… Read more
Feb 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

Essential considerations on the neutral and protective conductor in LV power system
The neutral conductor is a live conductor that is connected to the neutral point of the system and is able to contribute to the transmission of electric power. The neutral point is usually, but not necessarily connected to the star-point… Read more
Feb 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi

AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)
Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device heaters, outdoor lighting and receptacles, motor-operated disconnecting switches and control house…. Read more
Feb 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
