Energy and Power
Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?
What is safe when it comes to an older electrical equipment and internal-arc flash in electrical room. Substation operators generally assume that with the covers and doors closed, the switchgear is in a totally safe work condition. This technical article… Read more
Jul 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
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MCC Circuit Featuring Auto Re-Closure Relay Functionality
An MCC circuit of a motor could be based on the Direct Online Starter (DOL) or Star Delta Starter which has something to do with the requirement of the power system in an industry. But it could have additional logics…...
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Apr 14, 2025 | By Umer Nasir
Low Voltage
Good operating practices for switchgear circuit breakers and contactors
The purpose of this guideline is to provide suggested practices for the operation and inspection of medium voltage (2 to 13.8 kV) and low voltage (200 to 480 volt) draw-out switchgear circuit breakers and contactors. Good operating practices are critical… Read more
Jan 20, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Best practice for providing LV supply into high earth potential rise sites in substations
During the passage of earth-fault current a substation earth electrode is subjected to an earth potential rise. Potential gradients develop in the surrounding ground area and these are highest adjacent to the substation earth electrode. The earth potential rise reduces… Read more
Dec 23, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Measures to reduce interference from Variable Speed Drives
Often referred to as Variable Frequency Drives, AC Variable Speed Drives (VSD) generate a great deal of electrical interference. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is the standard method for controlling motor speed in VSDs. The quick rise and fall times of… Read more
Dec 09, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Design Engineering For Battery Energy Storage Systems: Sizing, Selection and Operation
In this technical article we take a deeper dive into the engineering of battery energy storage systems, selection of options and capabilities of BESS drive units, battery sizing considerations, and other battery safety issues. We will also take a close…...
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Jun 10, 2024 | By Kitab Paul Shah
Energy and Power
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BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in LV and MV Power Networks: Practical Guide
This article aims to inform the reader about the applications, procurement, selection & design, and integration of BESS (battery energy storage systems) into LV and MV power networks. The intended audience is project and design engineers who shall perform procurement…...
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May 27, 2024 | By Kitab Paul Shah
Electric Motor
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The analysis of relay control systems: Electrical schematics with latch, step and lockout relays
To be honest, expertise in relay systems is fundamental for comprehension and creativity in circuits design. From bi-stable relays that maintain their states without continuous power to step relays facilitating incremental changes, and lockout relays guarding against unauthorized reenergization, each…...
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Feb 26, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
Twelve ultimate mistakes when selecting circuit protection for low-voltage equipment
To be honest, a circuit breaker is fairly simple device. However, the process of specifying circuit protection is often complicated and unclear, leading many engineers to either include insufficient or excessive protection in their equipment designs. Insufficiently protected circuits expose… Read more
Jan 08, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Modern practice for LV/MV substation and power distribution systems within buildings
In the present era, the presence of reliable and uninterrupted electricity is commonly assumed in the majority of nations. Nevertheless, in many nations, this is susceptible to frequent disruptions caused by a range of issues, including as insufficient supply, inefficient… Read more
Dec 18, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Auxiliary DC power system used for fault detection, trip coils and remote operation
The auxiliary DC control power system is considered the most crucial element of a protection, control, and monitoring system. The failure of the direct current (DC) control power can result in the inability of fault detection devices to identify faults,… Read more
Nov 20, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Seven golden foundations of good electrical installation work
This technical article deals with the practical aspects of commercial and industrial electrical installation work. It is of the utmost importance that the practical task be done in the appropriate manner. Electrical installations in commercial and industrial settings are often… Read more
Jul 24, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Specific electrical design tips for a few most common types of commercial facilities
This technical article covers some specific considerations (modern power supply, electric distribution, transportation, lighting controls, and communication systems) for a few most common type of commercial facilities such as banks, colleges and universities, fire stations, health care facilities and office…...
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Mar 06, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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How to design the power supply for data centres and airports while megawatts of loads rise fast
The first choice for service and distribution voltage is almost always 480 volts. Why is that? Well, it’s because it’s traditional, it has a safe design and specifications are already written around 480 V. UPS and backup aggregate equipment are…...
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Dec 26, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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Failure cases of LV/MV electrical equipment and what should have been done (to avoid them)
Generally, the useful life of power system components heavily depends upon the level of care given to them and their duty cycles. For example, a circuit breaker on mainly switching duty can last 40 to max. 50 years. The majority…...
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Dec 19, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
