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Category 'Protection' - Technical Articles

“Protection” category refers to technical articles dedicated to relay protection of various power substation and transmission & distribution equipment, such as low- medium- and high-voltage switchgear, transformers, capacitor banks, cables, transmission lines, electric motors and generators, and so on. Great attention is paid on circuit breaker schematics, such as tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements, etc.

Power Substation

Substation Safety and Switching Rules You MUST Follow

This technical article describes the safety rules the switching operator must comply with when undertaking switching, and providing access for others required to work on the electrical network. We’ll describe the critical matters relating to safe switching operations, it is…...

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Aug 25, 2025 | By

Substation Safety and Switching Rules You MUST Follow
Power Substation

Thumb Rules for Working in Switchyard and HV Areas

To be honest, working at switchyards and substations requires a thorough and true understanding of hazards and control measures before progressing to Power System Access. Only individuals with the proper authorization should operate within switchyards or high voltage zones. Engineers… Read more

Aug 18, 2025 | By

Thumb Rules for Working in Switchyard and HV Areas
Premium Content

Islanding in DER-Integrated Distribution Systems: Planning, Control, and Anti-Islanding Protection

The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformative shift, with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, battery energy storage systems, and controllable loads becoming increasingly prevalent in modern distribution networks. This article explores the planning, control,…...

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Jul 14, 2025 | By

Islanding in DER-Integrated Distribution Systems: Planning, Control, and Anti-Islanding Protection
Energy and Power

Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?

What is safe when it comes to an older electrical equipment and internal-arc flash in electrical room. Substation operators generally assume that with the covers and doors closed, the switchgear is in a totally safe work condition. This technical article… Read more

Jul 07, 2025 | By

Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?
High Voltage

What to expect from an old GIS, and what are the options for support and life extension

Every new GIS switchgear eventually gets old and obsolete at the end of its lifetime. Problems with GIS, as with every other switchgear type, typically start after the midpoint of the lifecycle. This is the point at which the end…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Jun 30, 2025 | By

What to expect from an old GIS and what are the options for support and life extension
Premium Content

The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)

The evolution of power distribution networks is being shaped by unprecedented growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly rooftop solar and other inverter-based technologies. Traditionally designed for one-way power flow from substations to end-users, distribution systems are now experiencing reverse…...

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Jun 02, 2025 | By

The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
Energy and Power

What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering

Load flow, sometimes known as power flow, are phrases that may be used interchangeably in power engineering. This term refers to a network solution that forecasts steady-state currents, voltages, and both real and reactive power flows across each branch and… Read more

May 26, 2025 | By

What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering
Power Substation

Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation

Let’s look at the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation that needs refurbishing and uprating as an illustration of the complicated mix of concerns that need to be considered. It shows that there are more than just financial factors to…...

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May 19, 2025 | By

Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation
Power Substation

Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?

Minimizing the likelihood of blackouts is of the highest importance due to the significant effects that would result from partial or total blackouts in highly industrialized nations. Additional difficulties have been and will be posed by the growing use of…...

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May 12, 2025 | By

Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?
Power Substation

Pitfalls hidden in determining transformer tank, bushings, insulation, and impedance

Managing specification and assests for large power transformers such as tank, bushings, insulation and short-circuit impedance is quite challenging. One mistake and you’re done! Power transformers play a real critical role in high-voltage transmission systems, providing strict voltage transformation, system…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Apr 28, 2025 | By

Pitfalls hidden in determining transformer tank, bushings, insulation, and impedance


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